Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2007) - Brunei (2003)

Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2007) z Brunei (2003)

	Micronesia, Federated States of (2007)	Brunei (2003)

Administrative divisions	4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure	0-14 years: 35.9% (male 19,726/female 19,011) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 32,891/female 33,071) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 1,379/female 1,784) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 29.6% (male 54,118; female 51,902) 15-64 years: 67.6% (male 128,421; female 113,480) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,804; female 5,373) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca), sakau (kava), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens; fish	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports	6 (2007)	2 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 702 sq km land: 702 sq km water: 0 sq km (fresh water only) note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative	four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US, which was amended and renewed in 2004. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.	The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.
Birth rate	24.14 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	19.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $127.3 million ($69 million less grants) expenditures: $144.2 million (FY05 est.)	revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
Capital	name: Palikir geographic coordinates: 6 55 N, 158 09 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate	tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage	tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline	6,112 km	161 km
Constitution	10 May 1979	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name	conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia conventional short form: none local long form: Federated States of Micronesia local short form: none former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts abbreviation: FSM	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei
Currency	-	Bruneian dollar (BND)
Death rate	4.66 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$60.8 million (FY05 est.)	$0
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Miriam K. HUGHES embassy: 101 Upper Pics Road, Kolonia mailing address: P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 96941 telephone: [691] 320-2187 FAX: [691] 320-2186	chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383 FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391 consulate(s) general: Honolulu, Tamuning (Guam)	chief of mission: Ambassador Anak Dato Haji PUTEH chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
Disputes - international	none	Involved in dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"
Economic aid - recipient	$106.4 million note: under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001; the level of aid has been subsequently reduced (2005)	$4.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview	Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remote location, a lack of adequate facilities, and limited air connections hinder development. The Amended Compact of Free Association with the US guarantees the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) millions of dollars in annual aid through 2023, and establishes a Trust Fund into which the US and the FSM make annual contributions in order to provide annual payouts to the FSM in perpetuity after 2023. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile due not only to the reduction in US assistance but also to the current slow growth of the private sector.	This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption	178.6 million kWh (2002)	2.322 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	192 million kWh (2002)	2.497 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing, climate change, pollution	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Chuukese 48.8%, Pohnpeian 24.2%, Kosraean 6.2%, Yapese 5.2%, Yap outer islands 4.5%, Asian 1.8%, Polynesian 1.5%, other 6.4%, unknown 1.4% (2000 census)	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.69 (1999), 1.67 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Emmanuel MORI (since 11 May 2007); Vice President Alik L. ALIK (11 May 2007) note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Emmanuel MORI (since 11 May 2007); Vice President Alik L. ALIK (11 May 2007) cabinet: Cabinet includes the vice president and the heads of the eight executive departments elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2007 (next to be held May 2011); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed election results: Emmanuel MORI elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA; Alik L. ALIK elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports	$14 million (f.o.b.) (2004 est.)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	fish, garments, bananas, black pepper, sakau (kava), betel nut	crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners	Japan, US, Guam (2006)	Japan 40.3%, South Korea 12.3%, Thailand 12.1%, Australia 9.2%, US 8.1%, China 6.4%, Singapore 5.7% (2002)
Fiscal year	1 October - 30 September	calendar year
Flag description	light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 28.9% industry: 15.2% services: 55.9% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	0.3% (2005 est.)	3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	6 55 N, 158 15 E	4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note	four major island groups totaling 607 islands	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports	-	3 (2002)
Highways	-	total: 2,525 km paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	major consumer of cannabis	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports	$132.7 million f.o.b. (2004)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners	US, Japan, Hong Kong (2006)	Singapore 30.6%, Japan 21.5%, Malaysia 17.4%, UK 6.1%, Hong Kong 4% (2002)
Independence	3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)	1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	5% (2002 est.)
Industries	tourism, construction; fish processing, specialized aquaculture; craft items from shell, wood, and pearls	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate	total: 28.15 deaths/1,000 live births male: 31.08 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.2% (2005)	-2% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO	APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force	37,410 (2000)	143,400 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 0.9%, industry 0.9%, services 64.7% note: two-thirds are government employees (FY05 est.)	government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Land use	arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 45.71% other: 48.58% (2005)	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi	Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system	based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch	unicameral Congress (14 seats; 4 - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms; members elected by popular vote) elections: last held 6 March 2007 (next to be held in March 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14	unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch) elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.35 years male: 68.52 years female: 72.28 years (2007 est.)	total population: 74.3 years male: 71.9 years female: 76.82 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89% male: 91% female: 88% (1980 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.8% male: 94.8% female: 88.5% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,560 GRT/2,060 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2 (2007)	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 8 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: UK 7 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US	-
Military branches	no regular military forces (2007)	Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$329.7 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	5% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 110,888 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 63,966 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 3,277 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality	noun: Micronesian(s) adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian
Natural hazards	typhoons (June to December)	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
Natural resources	forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate	petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate	-21.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	3.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders	no formal parties	Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; note - the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985 but became largely inactive after 1988; it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	107,862 (July 2007 est.)	358,098 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	26.7% (2000)	NA%
Population growth rate	-0.154% (2007 est.)	2% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Radio broadcast stations	AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	-	total: 13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)
Religions	Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other 3%	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio	NA (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	none
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate system domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap international: country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)	general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use	12,400 (2005)	79,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	14,100 (2005)	43,524 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	3 (cable TV also available) (2004)	2 (1997)
Terrain	islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate	3.07 children born/woman (2007 est.)	2.37 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	22% (2000 est.)	10% (2001 est.)
Waterways	-	209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m

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